Understanding SGLT2 Inhibitors: Farxiga and Jardiance, Side Effects Explained

Understanding SGLT2 Inhibitors: Farxiga and Jardiance, Side Effects Explained

SGLT2 inhibitors, including Farxiga (dapagliflozin) and Jardiance (empagliflozin), are medications that have revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes. By helping the body remove excess glucose through urine, these drugs not only lower blood sugar but also offer additional benefits like reducing the risk of heart and kidney complications.

However, like all medications, SGLT2 inhibitors can cause side effects. While most are mild, there are some rare but important ones to be aware of. Here’s a patient-friendly guide to the common and rare side effects of Farxiga and Jardiance and what you can do to manage them.

How Do SGLT2 Inhibitors Work?

SGLT2 inhibitors target a specific protein in the kidneys, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, which helps reabsorb glucose back into the bloodstream. By blocking this protein, the medication ensures more glucose is eliminated in the urine, lowering blood sugar levels effectively.

Beyond glucose control, Farxiga and Jardiance also:

  • Reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
  • Protect kidney function in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
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Common Side Effects of Farxiga and Jardiance

 

Most patients tolerate these medications well, but some may experience mild side effects, including:

  1. 1. Increased Urination

    • Since the medication promotes glucose excretion, it can also increase urination.
    • Tip: Stay hydrated and avoid excessive caffeine to manage this symptom.

  2. 2. Thirst

    • Higher glucose levels in urine can lead to dehydration, causing increased thirst.
    • Tip: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.

  3. 3. Mild Weight Loss

    • The loss of glucose calories through urine can contribute to slight weight reduction.

  4. 4. Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)

    • This is more likely if you’re also taking insulin or sulfonylureas.
    • Tip: Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and carry quick-acting carbs like glucose tablets.
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Rare but Important Side Effects

 

While rare, these side effects require attention and prompt communication with your healthcare provider:

  1. 1. Genital Yeast Infections

    • Both men and women may develop yeast infections due to higher sugar levels in the genital area.
    • Symptoms: Redness, itching, or discharge in the genital area.
    • Prevention and Treatment:
      • Maintain good hygiene.
      • Wear breathable, cotton underwear.
      • Over-the-counter antifungal creams or medications prescribed by your doctor can resolve infections quickly.

  2. 2. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

    • Symptoms include pain during urination, frequent urination, or fever.
    • Tip: Drink plenty of water and contact your healthcare provider if you suspect a UTI.

  3. 3. Ketoacidosis

    • A rare condition where the body produces high levels of ketones, even with normal blood sugar levels.
    • Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, and fruity-smelling breath.
    • Action: Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.

  4. 4. Dehydration

    • Excess urination can lead to dehydration in some patients.
    • Tip: Stay hydrated and monitor for signs of dehydration like dizziness or dry mouth.

  5. 5. Lower Limb Amputations (Rare)

    • In very rare cases, SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to an increased risk of amputations in patients with poor circulation or existing foot ulcers.
    • Prevention: Regular foot care and early treatment of cuts or sores.

Who Should Avoid SGLT2 Inhibitors?

 

While these medications are safe for most people, they may not be suitable for everyone. Avoid SGLT2 inhibitors if you:

  • Have severe kidney disease or are on dialysis.
  • Have a history of frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections.
  • Are prone to dehydration.
  • Are pregnant or breastfeeding.

 

Managing Side Effects and Staying on Track

 

  • Stay Informed: Knowing what to expect helps you act early if side effects arise.
  • Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of any changes and report unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.
  • Stick to Routine Check-Ups: Regular blood and urine tests can help monitor your kidney function and overall health.

Conclusion

 

Farxiga and Jardiance are powerful tools for managing type 2 diabetes and protecting your heart and kidneys. While they’re generally well-tolerated, being aware of potential side effects like yeast infections or dehydration ensures you can address any issues quickly and continue reaping the benefits of these medications. Always communicate openly with your healthcare provider about any concerns or side effects, and consider trusted Canadian prescription referral services for affordable access to your medications.